The Exception (الاستثنائ)



First of all, Remember the following terms are must to be able to understand the chapter of “Exception” الاستثنا)) perfectly.

1)   To except someone or something form something is called “ Exception” (الاستثنا)

2)   The thing excepted from is called “مستثنیٰ منہ“

3)   The thing excepted from is called “مستثنیٰ “

In Arabic language, there are few words for Exception which are as follows:

الّا   : is normally used while there are some other words for the same expression. Like غیر، عدا، سویٰ، خلا، حاشا وغیرھا۔

The details of their usage are given below:


1)   If the sentence is complete and not in negative mode and the thing excepted from (مستثنیٰ منہ) is mentioned, the noun after الّا  will necessarily have Fatha. For example:

الطّلاّب غائبون الّا حامداً و خالداً

2)   If the sentence is complete but in the negative case and the thing excepted (مستثنیٰ) is mentioned before the thing excepted from (مستثنیٰ منہ), then the excepted (مستثنیٰ) will necessarily will have Fatha. For example:

ما فی رجالکم الا ناصراً ذو شجاعۃٍ۔

3)   If it is a negative sentence and the thing excepted from (مستثنیٰ منہ) are mentioned, the excepted (مستثنیٰ) may be given Fatha but it is better to give it vowel signs of the thing excepted from (مستثنیٰ منہ). For example:

لا عیبَ فیھم الا نومھم فی الشتائ۔

4)   If it is a negative sentence and the thing excepted from (مستثنی منہ) is not mentioned, the excepted (مستثنیٰ) will have the vowel signs of that it had before applying the exceptive ( حرف الاستثنا ) ). For example :

ما نجح الا اخوک ۔

5)   If it is excepted by exceptive “غیر “the vowel sign of the excepted (مستثنیٰ) will be given to the exceptive which will be possessed and the excepted (مستثنیٰ) will be the possessor. For example:

ھم ذاھبون غیر ماجدٍ

6)   If it is excepted by the exceptive “سویٰ “, the excepted (مستثنیٰ) will be in the genitive case by being a possessor and the exceptive (حرف الاستثنا) will be possessed except it will have a light Fatha for being an adverb.  For example:

ما فی الدار سویَ خالدٍ

7)   If it is excepted by “خلا ، عدا “, the excepted (مستثنیٰ) may be in the genitive case as well as in the accusative case. For example:

جائ القوم خلا ، عدا زیدٍ، زیداً ۔

8)   If it is excepted by the exceptive “حاشا “, both the genitive & accusative cases are possible. For example:

لم یزرنی حاشا زیدٍ ، زیداً

Like Share & Contact if you have any queries!!!


loading...